1.在乾淨的床上裸睡
2. 生理期不吃巧克力，因為會加重痛經
3. 養成記錄生理週期的習慣
4. 透過運動而非調整型內衣來塑造曲線
5. 不翹二郎腿，以免壓迫神經
6. 貼身衣物不干洗
7. 拉風的丁字褲不適宜日常穿著
8. 去年的衣服要進行曝曬後才可以穿
9. 如非必要，不使用衛生護墊
10. 定期檢查化妝品的保質期
11. 洗浴後一小時再化妝
12. 即使愛美，也不要在耳朵上部的外緣軟骨部位穿耳洞
13. 了解自己的家庭病史，特別是母親和外婆的病史
關於飲食
1. 在牛奶和豆漿之間，選擇後者
2. 覺得還可以再吃半碗飯時，離開餐桌
3. 如果身體不感到飢渴，每天只需飲用4杯水
4.多喝酸奶
5. 無論什麼原因，都別抽煙
6. 在食譜裡添加雜糧和菜蔬
7. 飲綠茶勝過紅茶
8. 重視早餐多過晚餐
9. 控制鹽的用量
10. 起床後先刷牙，再喝水
11. 經常嚼口香糖
12. 一早一晚，兩個蘋果可以有效改善便秘
13. 純素食可能導致荷爾蒙分泌異常，造成不孕
14. 每周至少吃一次魚
15.遠離可樂等碳酸飲料
16. 不喝久煮的火鍋湯
17. 沒有果汁牛奶這回事，它們是天生的冤家
18. 飯前吃水果勝過飯後
19. 睡前可以來一杯紅葡萄酒
20. 喝咖啡可能引起女性骨質疏松
關於運動
1. 多享受早晨8－9點的陽光
2. 跑步、騎腳踏車等運動可以保持優美的腿部線條
3. 熱水泡腳可有效預防靜脈曲張
4. 精神極度疲倦時並不適宜以運動減壓，休息更重要
5. 冬季少做戶外運動
6. 10層以下，不乘坐電梯
7. 每三個月改變一次你的健身選單
8. 每天運動半小時，而非週末運動3小時
9. 邊看電視邊做柔軟體操
10. 經常散步
11. 午休也是健身的好時間，不一定非等到晚上
12. 光腳穿運動鞋固然舒服，卻對健康不利
13. 睡半硬的床鋪更有利於頸椎健康
14. 去正規的醫院而非美容院接受按摩
15. 非運動狀態下不喝功能性飲料
16. 運動後休息半小時再入浴
17. 不在過吵的健身房中鍛鍊
18. 正確的姿勢比專程去健身更有效
2010年5月14日星期五
2010年5月7日星期五
2 is better than 1
I remember what you wore on the first day
You came into my life and I thought hey
You know this could be something
'Cause everything you do and words you say
You know that it all takes my breath away
And now I'm left with nothing
So maybe it's true,
That I can't live without you
Well maybe two is better than one
There's so much time,
To figure out the rest of my life
And you've already got me coming undone
And I'm thinking two,
Is better than one
I remember every look upon your face,
The way you roll your eyes, the way you taste
You make it hard for breathing
'Cause when I close my eyes and drift away
I think of you and everything's okay
And finally now, we're leaving
And maybe it's true,
That I can't live without you
Well maybe two is better than one
There's so much time,
To figure out the rest of my life
And you've already got me coming undone
And I'm thinking two,
Is better than one
I remember what you wore on the first day
You came into my life and I thought "hey"
Maybe
You came into my life and I thought hey
You know this could be something
'Cause everything you do and words you say
You know that it all takes my breath away
And now I'm left with nothing
So maybe it's true,
That I can't live without you
Well maybe two is better than one
There's so much time,
To figure out the rest of my life
And you've already got me coming undone
And I'm thinking two,
Is better than one
I remember every look upon your face,
The way you roll your eyes, the way you taste
You make it hard for breathing
'Cause when I close my eyes and drift away
I think of you and everything's okay
And finally now, we're leaving
And maybe it's true,
That I can't live without you
Well maybe two is better than one
There's so much time,
To figure out the rest of my life
And you've already got me coming undone
And I'm thinking two,
Is better than one
I remember what you wore on the first day
You came into my life and I thought "hey"
Maybe
2010年5月4日星期二
要幸福啊
谁的青春时光 没有一点沙
看着你的脸庞 熟悉那种伤疤
缝补所有过往 忘记别人的喧哗
越是平淡的晚上 思念越猛烈地发芽
需 要多少勇气 才敢表达
我的心好想和你 说说话
你是我最初的信仰 要幸福啊
坚持到最后的一秒 并不复杂
小时候天不 怕地不怕 现在怎麽啦
长大了 人不该变得虚假
你是我最大的牵挂 要幸福啊
我站在风里等你送来一句话
我不再挣扎 去欣赏生命的变化
要幸福啊
谁的青春时光 没有一点沙
看着你的脸庞 熟悉那种伤疤
缝补所有过往 忘记别人的喧哗
越 是平淡的晚上 思念越猛烈地发芽
需要多少勇气 才敢表达
我的心好想和你 说说话
你是我最初的信仰 要幸福啊
坚 持到最后的一秒 并不复杂
小时候天不怕地不怕 现在怎麽啦
长大了 人不该变得虚假
你是我最大的牵挂 要幸福啊
我 站在风里等你送来一句话
我不再挣扎 去欣赏生命的变化
要幸福啊
你是我最初的信仰 要幸福啊
坚持到最后的一秒 并不复杂
小时候天不怕地不怕 现在怎麽啦
回到最初发现自己多麽无瑕
你是我最大的牵挂 要幸福啊
我站在风里等你送 来一句话
我不再挣扎 去欣赏生命的变化
要幸福啊
by 蔡淳佳
看着你的脸庞 熟悉那种伤疤
缝补所有过往 忘记别人的喧哗
越是平淡的晚上 思念越猛烈地发芽
需 要多少勇气 才敢表达
我的心好想和你 说说话
你是我最初的信仰 要幸福啊
坚持到最后的一秒 并不复杂
小时候天不 怕地不怕 现在怎麽啦
长大了 人不该变得虚假
你是我最大的牵挂 要幸福啊
我站在风里等你送来一句话
我不再挣扎 去欣赏生命的变化
要幸福啊
谁的青春时光 没有一点沙
看着你的脸庞 熟悉那种伤疤
缝补所有过往 忘记别人的喧哗
越 是平淡的晚上 思念越猛烈地发芽
需要多少勇气 才敢表达
我的心好想和你 说说话
你是我最初的信仰 要幸福啊
坚 持到最后的一秒 并不复杂
小时候天不怕地不怕 现在怎麽啦
长大了 人不该变得虚假
你是我最大的牵挂 要幸福啊
我 站在风里等你送来一句话
我不再挣扎 去欣赏生命的变化
要幸福啊
你是我最初的信仰 要幸福啊
坚持到最后的一秒 并不复杂
小时候天不怕地不怕 现在怎麽啦
回到最初发现自己多麽无瑕
你是我最大的牵挂 要幸福啊
我站在风里等你送 来一句话
我不再挣扎 去欣赏生命的变化
要幸福啊
by 蔡淳佳
2010年3月28日星期日
我们没有在一起
你一直说的那个公园已经拆了
还记得荡着秋千日子就飞起来
漫漫的下午阳光都在脸上撒野
你那傻气 我真是想念
那时候小小的你还没学会叹气
谁又会想到他们现在喊我女王
你哈哈笑的样子倒是一点没变
时间走了 谁还在等 呢
这杯咖啡忘了加糖
真不是我那麽伤感
世界太复杂 你说单纯很难
我当然都明白
可是呀只有你曾陪我在最初的地方
只有你才能了解我要的梦从来不大
我们没有一起至少还像情侣一样
我痛的疯的伤的在你面前哭得最惨
我知道你也不能带我回到那个地方
你说你现在很 好而喜欢回忆很长
我们没有一起至少还像家人一样
总是远远关心远远分享
那条路走呀走呀走呀总要回家
两支手握 着晃呀晃呀舍不得放
你不知道吧后来后来我都在想
跟你走吧 管它去哪呀
这杯 咖啡忘了加糖
真不是我那么伤感
世界太复杂 你说单纯很难
我当然都明白
可是呀只有你曾陪我在最初的地方
只有你才能了解我要的梦从来不大
我们没有在一起至 少还像情侣一样
我痛的疯的伤的在你面前哭得最惨
我知道你也不能带我回到那个地方
你 说你现在很好而且喜欢回忆很长
我们没有在一起至 少还像家人一样
总是远远关心远远分享
可是呀只有你曾陪我在最初的地方
只 有你才能了解我要的梦从来不大
我们没有在一起至少还像情侣一样
我痛的疯的伤的在你面前哭得最惨
(我知道你也不能带我回到那个地方)
(你说你现在很好而且喜欢回忆很长)
我们没有在一起至 少还像家人一样
总是远远关心远远分享
我们没有一起至少还像朋友一样
你远远的关心 其实更长
by 刘若英
2010年2月25日星期四
C3 & C4 Plants
By looking at their anatomy,
in C3 plants,
- bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts;
- carbon fixation and Calvin Cycle reactions occur in mesophyll cells
- (and in the presence of oxygen).
- more adapted to environments with more carbon dioxide.
In C4 plants,
- the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts;
- carbon is fixed in mesophyll cells too, then transported to bundle sheath cells where
- Calvin Cycle reactions occur in the absence of oxygen.
- more adapted to environments with more oxygen
In both, photosynthesized sugars then enter the plant's vascular system.
C4 have a concentric arrangement of the bundle sheath and mesophyll layer, the bundle sheath is also thicker.
Another difference is their intervenial distances, from one bundle sheath to another you have in C4 only around 4 mesophyll cells but on 3 they are separated by 12.
C3 Photosynthesis : C3 plants.
• Called C3 because the CO2 is first incorporated into a 3-carbon compound.
• Stomata are open during the day.
• RUBISCO, the enzyme involved in photosynthesis, is also the enzyme involved in the uptake of CO2.
• Photosynthesis takes place throughout the leaf.
• Adaptive Value: more efficient than C4 and CAM plants under cool and moist conditions and under normal light because requires less machinery (fewer enzymes and no specialized anatomy)..
• Most plants are C3.
C4 Photosynthesis : C4 plants.
• Called C4 because the CO2 is first incorporated into a 4-carbon compound.
• Stomata are open during the day.
• Uses PEP Carboxylase for the enzyme involved in the uptake of CO2. This enzyme allows CO2 to be taken into the plant very quickly, and then it "delivers" the CO2 directly to RUBISCO for photsynthesis.
• Photosynthesis takes place in inner cells (requires special anatomy called Kranz Anatomy)
• Adaptive Value:
o Photosynthesizes faster than C3 plants under high light intensity and high temperatures because the CO2 is delivered directly to RUBISCO, not allowing it to grab oxygen and undergo photorespiration.
o Has better Water Use Efficiency because PEP Carboxylase brings in CO2 faster and so does not need to keep stomata open as much (less water lost by transpiration) for the same amount of CO2 gain for photosynthesis.
• C4 plants include several thousand species in at least 19 plant families. Example: fourwing saltbush, corn, and many of our summer annual plants.
Examples:
C3----->wheat, barley, potatoes and sugar beet. (most of the plants are C3)
C4----->fourwing saltbush, corn ,many of summer annual plants.
CAM---> cactuses, aloe vera, some orchids and bromeliads (required less water)
in C3 plants,
- bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts;
- carbon fixation and Calvin Cycle reactions occur in mesophyll cells
- (and in the presence of oxygen).
- more adapted to environments with more carbon dioxide.
In C4 plants,
- the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts;
- carbon is fixed in mesophyll cells too, then transported to bundle sheath cells where
- Calvin Cycle reactions occur in the absence of oxygen.
- more adapted to environments with more oxygen
In both, photosynthesized sugars then enter the plant's vascular system.
C4 have a concentric arrangement of the bundle sheath and mesophyll layer, the bundle sheath is also thicker.
Another difference is their intervenial distances, from one bundle sheath to another you have in C4 only around 4 mesophyll cells but on 3 they are separated by 12.
C3 Photosynthesis : C3 plants.
• Called C3 because the CO2 is first incorporated into a 3-carbon compound.
• Stomata are open during the day.
• RUBISCO, the enzyme involved in photosynthesis, is also the enzyme involved in the uptake of CO2.
• Photosynthesis takes place throughout the leaf.
• Adaptive Value: more efficient than C4 and CAM plants under cool and moist conditions and under normal light because requires less machinery (fewer enzymes and no specialized anatomy)..
• Most plants are C3.
C4 Photosynthesis : C4 plants.
• Called C4 because the CO2 is first incorporated into a 4-carbon compound.
• Stomata are open during the day.
• Uses PEP Carboxylase for the enzyme involved in the uptake of CO2. This enzyme allows CO2 to be taken into the plant very quickly, and then it "delivers" the CO2 directly to RUBISCO for photsynthesis.
• Photosynthesis takes place in inner cells (requires special anatomy called Kranz Anatomy)
• Adaptive Value:
o Photosynthesizes faster than C3 plants under high light intensity and high temperatures because the CO2 is delivered directly to RUBISCO, not allowing it to grab oxygen and undergo photorespiration.
o Has better Water Use Efficiency because PEP Carboxylase brings in CO2 faster and so does not need to keep stomata open as much (less water lost by transpiration) for the same amount of CO2 gain for photosynthesis.
• C4 plants include several thousand species in at least 19 plant families. Example: fourwing saltbush, corn, and many of our summer annual plants.
Examples:
C3----->wheat, barley, potatoes and sugar beet. (most of the plants are C3)
C4----->fourwing saltbush, corn ,many of summer annual plants.
CAM---> cactuses, aloe vera, some orchids and bromeliads (required less water)
Primary & Accessory Pigments
The most significant difference between primary and accessory pigments is that they absorb and give off light at different wavelengths.
When photons of light hit a leaf, they have a specific wavelength. Chlorophyll has a specific wavelength that it can absorb and give off light as. If chlorophyll was the only pigment a plant had, it could only use light that was of this particular wavelength. However, the presence of accessory pigments allows the plant to use light of all wavelengths.
Primary and accessory pigments also vary in color. Chlorophyll is green, while others are different. Carotenoids can be red, yellow or orange. Photosynthetic aquatic organisms like cyanobacteria also have phycobilins.
1. Primary pigments:
primary pigments In photosynthesis, pigments that emit electrons which directly drive the photosynthetic reactions.
In green plants there are two primary pigments,
both of which are forms of Chorophyll a: P680 and P700.
2. Accessory pigments:
a pigment in plants that can absorb light energy and pass the electrons along to the primary pigment which starts the process of photosynthesis.
In the flowering plants (angiosperms),
chlorophylls a and b provide the green color and absorb the light energy needed for photosynthesis.
However, other accessory pigments, such as yellow xanthophylls and orange carotenes are also present in the chloroplasts and collect additional light energy for photosynthesis.
All plants, algae, and cyanobacteria which photosynthesize contain chlorophyll "a".
A second kind of chlorophyll is chlorophyll "b", which occurs only in green algae and in the plant.
Carotenoids act as \"SHIELD PIGMENTS\" as they are located over the chlorophylls thus protecting them from photo-oxidation and photo-bleaching. (antioxidants)
Phycobilins are water-soluble pigments, and are therefore found in the cytoplasm, or in the stroma of the chloroplast. They occur only in Cyanobacteria and Rhodophyta.
Bonded to certain water-soluble proteins, ‘Phycobiliproteins’ then pass the light energy to chorophyll for photosynthesis.
The phycobilins are especially efficient at absorbing red, orange, yellow and green light, wavelengths which are not well absorbed by chlorophyll a. Organisms growing in shallow waters tend to contain phycobilins that can capture yellow/red light, while those at greater depth often contain more of the phycobilins that can capture green light, which is relatively more abundant there.
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